Energy transformation and dissipation mechanisms in dynamical responses of heterogeneous materials are far from clear to scientists, which challenges their engineering applications. Researchers in Beijing point out that these complex multi-scale behaviors can be probed via a series of coarse-grained modelings. The similarity parameters, invariants and slow-varying quantities are independent variables in constructing constitutive relations. A set of new schemes are proposed to analyze the complex structures and some hidden underlying mechanisms are revealed.
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